Horse racing, a long-standing equestrian sport enjoyed across the globe, involves horses ridden by jockeys (or driven without riders) competing for speed or stamina over a specified course or distance. While its fundamental concept has remained largely consistent since antiquity – determining the fastest horse – the sport has undergone significant evolution, transitioning from a leisurely activity for the elite to a substantial public entertainment industry. 

Key aspects of horse racing

Types of Racing: Horse racing encompasses diverse formats, including:

Flat racing: Horses gallop directly between two points on a track.

Jump racing (or Steeplechasing/National Hunt racing): Horses navigate obstacles during the race.

Harness racing: Horses trot or pace while pulling a driver in a sulky.

Breeds: Specific horse breeds are meticulously bred and trained for each racing discipline. For instance, Thoroughbreds, Quarter Horses, and Arabians are commonly used for flat racing, while Thoroughbreds and AQPS horses participate in jump racing.

Wagering and Economic Impact: Gambling is a crucial element of horse racing, generating a worldwide market worth billions of dollars annually.

Major Races: Prestigious races globally attract significant attention and substantial prize money. Examples include the Kentucky Derby and Belmont Stakes in the US, the Epsom Derby in England, and the Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe in France.

Regulatory Bodies: Different national bodies govern and regulate horse racing activities worldwide. 

Horse racing in India

Historical Roots: Horse racing in India has a rich history spanning over two centuries, with the first racecourse established in Madras in 1777.

Well-Established Industry: India boasts a flourishing horse racing and breeding industry, overseen by six racing authorities operating on nine racetracks across the country.

Indian Derby: The Indian Derby, held on the first Sunday of February at the Mahalaxmi Racecourse in Mumbai, stands as the country's premier racing event, offering the highest prize money for any single sporting event in India. 

Evolution and challenges

Although horse racing has evolved into a global spectacle, its popularity has witnessed a decline in recent decades, particularly in the early 21st century. Additionally, the sport faces ongoing concerns related to horse fatalities, with 700 to 800 racehorses dying in racing annually, according to The Guardian.